, Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. In fact, statistics are frequently cited that suggest around 90% of women are awarded custody, but they also fail to show that 60% of men get custody in a contested cases. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. Conviction ratios were higher for summary offences and as a higher proportion of female offences were summary, this in part explains the higher conviction ratio for female offenders. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. We will provide further updates regarding the availability of a consistent back series in subsequent Criminal Court Statistics publications[footnote 44]. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. , Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. These single parents are raising as many as 22.4 million children. The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. Females in contact with the services more often had suspected alcohol misuse, financial needs, were abuse victims and had mental health needs compared to males. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. This was much higher than the proportion of all year 11 pupils who had SEN with a statement (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 106] and 2014/15 [footnote 107](2% for young females and 5% for young males). This compared to Black females accounting for 6% of all female prosecutions. For more detailed analysis on out of court disposals, see Chapter 4: Police Activity. The HMIP Annual Report 2019/20 identifies differences in reported prison experiences between male and female prisoners[footnote 65]. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. These proportions have remained constant over the last 5 years. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. Cannabis warnings and community resolutions will not be considered when looking at out of court disposals because they are not recorded by sex. As at June 2019, the female prison population was 3,800 and has decreased 3% over the last 5 years, compared to 78,900 for the male prison population (decreasing 4% over the same time period). , Where sex is known. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. , Published figures for probation can be found in Offender Management Statistics quarterly. Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners serving immediate custodial sentences by sentence length, sex, June 2019. This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. , Self-declared from HR records, for serving magistrates, as at 1 April 2020. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. In 2019, 341,000 females (26%) and 968,000 (74%) males were formally dealt with by the CJS, either by an out of court disposal (OOCD) or court proceedings. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation.] , Please note that the spacing of the time period displayed does not align with the actual time scale, for example the time between sentenced to custody for 0-1 month is smaller than 6 to 12 months. In 2019, 1.07 million offenders were sentenced, of which 27% were female, a proportion which has remained stable over the last 5 years. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched cohort, over half received FSM. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. . For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. CHILD CUSTODY - Selected Statistics on Canadian Families and Family Law Twenty-nine percent of fathers see their children, 1-4 times a month. Child custody statistics from the US Census Bureau report published in May 2020 and gathered in 2018 show that there were 12.9 million custodial parents in the US, living with 21.9 million children under 21. In the same year, 51.7% of adults perceived the Criminal Justice System as effective; this did not significantly differ between sexes. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. Consequently, there is a lower proportion of effective trials for females (43%) compared to males (50%). , The conviction ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of defendants convicted by the total number of defendants prosecuted in the same period. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. The conviction ratio has been consistently higher for female offenders over the last 5 years, and was 88% in 2019, compared to 87% for males. This is driven in part by a higher proportion of female offenders getting sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. The most recent data in this report are from the Child Support Supplement (CSS) to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). , Where ethnicity was known. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. Benefit fraud females made up 58% of the 1160 convictions for indictable benefit fraud offences up 2 pp from 2015. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. The indictable offences for which the highest numbers of female offenders were sentenced in 2019 were: Theft from shops (9600 were sentenced, 3% of all sentences given to female offenders in 2019); Assault of an emergency worker (2700 sentenced); Fraud by false representation: cheque, plastic card and online bank accounts (940 sentenced); Possession of a Class A drug (870 sentenced); and. Across all disposals, a larger proportion of young males had a record of receiving a fixed period exclusion compared to young females. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure children's homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs).. The national divorce rate is 7.6 per 1,000 couples in 2022. This chapter looks at the interaction between sex and other key characteristics throughout the Criminal Justice System including, ethnicity, age, offending history, and reoffending. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. Of the cases where the sex of the individual being detained was recorded, 45% were female and 55% were male. In 2019/20, 2.6% of all children were victims of violent crime. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. 19.30This breakdown has remained relatively constant over the last 5 years. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. Reported in the Judicial Diversity Statistics 2020 publication, the quoted figures cover all court judges, i.e. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. In 2018/19, a total of 85,900[footnote 28] adults engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which just over a fifth (21%) were females which is a higher proportion than those arrested (please see arrests section of this chapter). Caution data cannot be split by simple and conditional, and data broken down by sex is not available for cannabis and khat warnings or community resolutions, therefore these will not be included in the totals. Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. , Figures on cautions exclude cases where sex is not known (in 1% of cases), Summary motoring offences are not considered in relation to cautions or cautioning rates as these tend to be addressed using Fixed Penalty Notices. The 75+ group was the only age group where prevalence of violent crime in highest among females. In 2018/19, 12,300[footnote 30] young people engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which 19% were female. , National liaison and diversion services offence groups are based on those used by the Home Office and are not directly comparable to those used in Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, which are used throughout the majority of this bulletin. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. They represent experimental statistics and tables on this data are provided in the accompanying overview tables. In 2019, the custody rate for these offences was 46% for females and 72% for males. A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Youth custody data for June 2016 published. Intimate reflects the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator or the nature or the abuse itself. 5. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). You have rejected additional cookies. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. Gender roles highlight gender bias in judicial decisions , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. Drunk and disorderly accounted for the highest proportion of PNDs issued for both males and females in 2019. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. Females reported that it was harder for family and friend to visit them in prison (this may be due to there being fewer female prisons so the average distance from home is greater). Violent crime was reported by a higher proportion of males (2.1%) than females (1.4%) in 2018/19. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. Court custody includes those remanded in custody at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who may also have been given bail or not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. These data comes from the Child Support Supplement to the April 2018 Current Population Survey (CPS). Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. Of the sentenced prison population, sentences can be divided into two broad groups: determinate sentences which are for a fixed period, and indeterminate sentences (these include life sentences and indeterminate sentences for public protection IPPs). Prison population figures are from the Offender Management Statistics quarterly bulletin and are averaged across 12 months. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Youth Custody Report for July 2013 published. , Figures from this paragraph are sourced from the data underpinning the Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020 bulletin. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Offenders with 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. Figure 5.04: Proportion of the defendants brought to magistrates court by prosecuting authority and sex, 2019. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. This was significantly higher than the 3.4% of female adult victims in the same year (no significant change from 3.7% the previous year). Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. In 2019, male children had an ACSL of 19.1 months and female children had an ACSL of 19.0 months. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). , A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. Crime lower covers work carried out by legal aid providers regarding police station advice, magistrates court work and prison law. A decrease in prosecutions was also seen for Class B drug offences (1,000 fewer), benefit fraud (1,500 fewer) and absconding from bail (1,200 fewer). There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Youth custody report and data for January 2018 published. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. , If enforcement officers suspect a household of watching or recording live TV without a valid licence and are not able to contact anyone at the property by letter or by telephone, they visit the household in person. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. , This section looks at indictable offences only. Child Support - Census.gov The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. This proportion has remained stable over the last 5 years (June 2015 June 2019) despite the overall fall of 18% in the under 18 custody population. Youth custody report for February 2017 published. , Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. This chapter explores the activity of the police, by the sex of the suspect or offender they deal with. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Figure 4.04: Percentage of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by offence and sex, 2019. Youth custody data for July 2015 published. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. Youth custody report for April 2016 published. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. The median time from charge for first listing decreased for females (down 12%) but increased for males (up 15%). However, these data have been extracted from large administrative and survey data systems generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. , The data in this section refers to arrests for notifiable crimes recorded by the police. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. , This section excludes those where sex is not stated and other defendants such as companies and public bodies in total these accounted for 10% of all defendants in 2019. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and Just over a quarter (26%) of all prosecutions were for female defendants in 2019, which has remained stable over the last 5 years. Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics, fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending, fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater proportion of women managed in the community successfully; and. In 2019, 74% of individuals dealt with by the Criminal Justice System were male, and 26% were female. The increasing trend for both male and female defendants who were not remanded and bailed by police has stabilised with small changes in the latest year. Penalty Notices for Disorder (PND)[footnote 32] issued. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. most serious) remand status. Male victims were comparatively younger, with equal proportions within the 16-24 and 25-34 age groups (both 22%). Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Report and data for March 2018 published. These figures had also reduced significantly from the previous year (males: 13.8%; females: 7.1%). The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. Of the 62,800 offenders released from prison sentences in 2019, 91% were male and 9% female. Youth custody data for December 2015 published. Similarly, in just over half of all . It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female.