The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. . He had allowed himself but a single night from eve to morn to prepare for a critical and crowning occasion. 1824 Presidential Election, Candidates & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1824? . The WebsterHayne debate was a debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 1927, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. This is the sense in which the Framers of the Constitution use the word consolidation; and in which sense I adopt and cherish it. . I understand him to insist, that if the exigency of the case, in the opinion of any state government, require it, such state government may, by its own sovereign authority, annul an act of the general government, which it deems plainly and palpably unconstitutional. . I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. To all this, sir, I was disposed most cordially to respond. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) | Case, Significance & Summary. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. . Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? Battle of Fort Sumter in the Civil War | Who Won the Battle of Fort Sumter? U.S. Senate: The Most Famous Senate Speech Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). Webster-Hayne Debate by Stefan M. Brooks Address before the Wisconsin State Agricultural So "The Whole Affair Seems the Work of a Madman", John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance. I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. Tariff of 1816 History & Significance | What was the Tariff of 1816? Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. . During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 25, 1830. . They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification 1832 | Crisis, Cause & Issues. The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. As sovereign states, each state could individually interpret the Constitution and even leave the Union altogether. In many respects, his speech betrays the mentality of Massachusetts conservatives seeking to regain national leadership and advance their particular ideas about the nation. Webster-Hayne Debate 1830, an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. . Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. Well, let's look at the various parts. I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. She has worked as a university writing consultant for over three years. . Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. I have but one word more to add. All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! As a pious son of Federalism, Webster went the full length of the required defense. The Webster-Hayne Debate | Hopkins Press . Even more pointedly, his speech reflected a decade of arguments from other Massachusetts conservatives who argued against supposed threats to New England's social order.[2]. . Nor shall I stop there. We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. . . Neither side can be said to have 'won' the debate, but Webster's articulation of the Union solidified for many the role of the federal government. Help if you can :) please and ty It is only by a strict adherence to the limitations imposed by the Constitution on the federal government, that this system works well, and can answer the great ends for which it was instituted. . Webster denied it and, attempting to draw Hayne into a direct confrontation, disparaged slavery and attacked the constitutional scruples of southern nullifiers and their apparent willingness to calculate the Union's value in monetary terms. New England, the Union, and the Constitution in its integrity, all were triumphantly vindicated. . But his reply was gathered from the choicest arguments and the most decadent thoughts that had long floated through his brain while this crisis was gathering; and bringing these materials together in a lucid and compact shape, he calmly composed and delivered before another crowded and breathless auditory a speech full of burning passages, which will live as long as the American Union, and the grandest effort of his life. Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! South Carolina nullification was now coming in sight, and a celebrated debate that belongs to the first session exposed its claims and its fallacies to the country. Webster-Hayne debate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. . APUSH CH 9 Flashcards | Quizlet It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. The next day, however, Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster rose with his reply, and the northern states knew they had found their champion. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. Ah! . Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? And what has been the consequence? The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American The faction of voters in the North were against slavery and feared it spreading into new territory. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. The discussion took a wide range, going back to topics that had agitated the country before the Constitution was formed. . The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. We do not impose geographical limits to our patriotic feeling or regard; we do not follow rivers and mountains, and lines of latitude, to find boundaries, beyond which public improvements do not benefit us. On January 19, 1830, Hayne attacked the Foot Resolution and labeled the Northeasterners as selfish and unprincipled for their support of protectionism and conservative land policies. Their own power over their own instrument remains. webster hayne debate Flashcards | Quizlet All of these contentious topics were touched upon in Webster and Hayne's nine day long debate. . They will also better understand the debate's political context. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. Daniel Webster argued against nullification (the idea that states could disobey federal laws) arguing in favor of a strong federal government which would bind the states together under the Constitution. I am a Unionist, and in this sense a national Republican. . But I take leave of the subject. I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. The Webster Hayne Debate. Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. While the Union lasts, we have high, exciting, gratifying prospects spread out before us, for us and our children. I understand the honorable gentleman from South Carolina to maintain, that it is a right of the state legislatures to interfere, whenever, in their judgment, this government transcends its constitutional limits, and to arrest the operation of its laws. The 1830 Webster-Hayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. . . The idea of a strong federal government The ability of the people to revolt against an unfair government The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws The role of the president in commanding the government 2 See answers Advertisement holesstanham Answer: . An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. . . Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. Webster-Hayne Debate - Federalism in America - CSF The honorable member himself is not, I trust, and can never be, one of these. The United States, under the Constitution and federal government, was a single, unified nation, not a coalition of sovereign states. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. . But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. . Daniel Webster stood as a ready and formidable opponent from the north who, at different stages in his career, represented both the states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Who Won the Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830? - Abbeville Institute . Visit the dark and narrow lanes, and obscure recesses, which have been assigned by common consent as the abodes of those outcasts of the worldthe free people of color. He must cut it with his sword. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. Webster was eloquent, he was educated, he was witty, and he was a staunch defender of American liberty. . . Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. . . One of those was the Webster-Hayne debate, a series of unplanned speeches presented before the Senate between January 19th and 27th of 1830. He served as a U.S. senator from 1823 to 1832, and was a leading proponent of the states' rights doctrine. . Excerpts from Ratification Documents of Virginia a Ratifying Conventions>New York Ratifying Convention. Robert Young Hayne | American politician | Britannica Since as Vice President and President of the Senate, Calhoun could not take place in the debate, Hayne represented the pro-nullification point-of-view. God grant that on my vision never may be opened what lies behind. Let's start by looking at the United States around 1830. Consolidation!that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusionconsolidation! An undefinable dread now went abroad that men were planning against the peace of the nation, that the Union was in danger; and citizens looked more closely after its safety and welfare. Under the circumstances then existing, I look upon this original and seasonable provision, as a real good attained. . For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio. I supposed, that on this point, no two gentlemen in the Senate could entertain different opinions. Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. But, sir, we will pass over all this. If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. Tariff of Abominations of 1828 | What was the Significance of the Tariff of Abominations? . But to remove all doubt it is expressly declared, by the 10th article of the amendment of the Constitution, that the powers not delegated to the states, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.. What was going on? He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. Hayne and the South saw it as basically a treaty between sovereign states. The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. Next, the Union was held up to view in all its strength, symmetry, and integrity, reposing in the ark of the Constitution, no longer an experiment, as in the days when Hamilton and Jefferson contended for shaping its course, but ordained and established by and for the people, to secure the blessings of liberty to all posterity. Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Breckinridge Facti (Southern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. It is the common pretense. The militia of the state will be called out to sustain the nullifying act. We met it as a practical question of obligation and duty. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. . Andrew Jackson & the Nullification Crisis | The Hermitage Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. . Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. . I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. Sir, when the gentleman provokes me to such a conflict, I meet him at the threshold. . . . Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you - Women's Rights Facts & Significance, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points: Definition, Speech & Summary, Fireside Chats: Definition & Significance, JFK's New Frontier: Definition, Speech & Program. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. . I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified.
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