[60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. [81] The XXX Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 FBE bridge, a class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), Shooting Team, 1969. [88][93], Dumbo surpassed its target of 1million imperial gallons (4.5million litres) (about 3,620 tonnes (3,560 long tons)) per day on 15 March 1945, and by 3 April the Dumbo lines were delivering 4,500 long tons (4,600t) a day. A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. [41] Some 600 field and 300 medium guns would support the operation. The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. They were also utilised for duties such as manning level crossings. British Army Germany was formed in 2020 to administer the remaining service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany.[2]. Most of these units were progressively dissolved, so that by February 1920 there were only regular battalions: In August 1920 Winston Churchill told the British Parliament that the BAOR comprised approximately 13,360 troops, consisting of staff, cavalry, Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, infantry, machine gun corps, tanks, and the usual ancillary services. [10] Antwerp had sufficient capacity to support both the British and American forces, but its use was hampered by German V-weapon attacks. Members of British Army of the Rhine | Forces Reunited [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. To coordinate troop movements between the First Canadian Army and the British Second Army, a joint office known as "Grouping Control" was established. Second Army's VIII, XII and XXX Corps drew their supplies from No. [44] For security reasons, troop movements had to be conducted at night. 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. Mallinson, Allan. Tony Lord. The deployment of BAOR on the European Central Front was symbolic of British political intent vis--vis European security and was the military means by which Britain sought to deter a conventional or nuclear Warsaw Pact attack. [59][60] Ammunition for the 25-pounders was based on 1,500 rounds per gun. Additional supplies of fuel were loaded on DUKWs, which ferried fuel across the river until bridges were opened. This came from the reorganisation of the line of communications, and additional general transport companies arriving from Italy through Operation Goldflake. . Troops met thin resistance as the operation wasn't intended as a surprise . An Inter-Allied force of British, French and . It drew fuel from Dungeness on the coast of Kent and transported it across the Strait of Dover to a terminal near Boulogne. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. British Army Of the Rhine Welcome Welcome to BAOR Locations. Engineers soon had bridges over the Rhine in operation, which were then superseded by more permanent road and rail bridges. [24], The Combined Chiefs further decided to reinforce Eisenhower's armies in North West Europe at the expense of those in the Mediterranean. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), which was responsible for the northern portions of the central front in West Germany, had been judged to be capable of holding out for as little as two days. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. Meanwhile, the class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge at Xanten was erected by the 7th Army Troops Engineers in 31 hours, and opened to traffic at 16:30 on 25 March. At the rail stop there were messes and a kitchen that ran 24 hours a day. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine. During the month, 432 trains delivered 230,000 tonnes (230,000 long tons) to 37 railheads in the British Second Army area. [77] A 370-metre (1,220ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was built at Venlo by the 15th GHQ Troops Engineers. The 21st Army Group allocated additional road transport capacity to the armies by shifting vehicles from the rear areas and immobilising units that were not immediately needed. [26], The headquarters of the 9th Line of Communications Area was transferred to Paris to assist the American Communications Zone with the move. [20], Commanders have included:[21]General Officer Commanding United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), General Officer Commanding British Forces Germany, Last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46, 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, "UK to maintain military presence in Germany", "So, it is time to say Aufwiedersehen. Nearly 50 engineer companies, together with three road construction companies and 29 pioneer companies, were engaged in road maintenance. Structure of the British Army in 1989 | Military Wiki | Fandom This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. A Mail on Sunday . British and Commonwealth PWX were flown directly to the UK, while American PWX were flown to collecting camps around Le Havre. 167 FMC, established by the XXX Corps which held only petrol, compo ration packs and ammunition. British Army of the Rhine There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine ( BAOR ). This merely delayed work on the bridge, which was opened to traffic at 20:15. 10 Army Roadhead. Over the next six days it was used by 29,139 vehicles. These provided health care and bathing and delousing with DDT to prevent the spread of disease. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. Stocking of No. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness. Fourteen transport platoons,[53] each of which operated thirty vehicles,[54] were taken from the formations to serve the corps's needs. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. As of 1 April 1989, the following amounts of troops were deployed around the world: 71,000 in Great Britain, 56,000 (of which the Berlin brigade makes up 3,000), 10,200 in Northern Ireland (including 3,200 on roulement), 5,000 in Hong Kong, 4,000 in the Lines of Communications counties (Netherlands . Railway units were moved forward, and only one railway group headquarters and two railway operating companies were left in France, Belgium and the Netherlands south of the Waal. Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. With the activation of a NATO unified command structure in 1951, BAOR became an integral part, along with Belgian, Canadian, and Dutch army units, of the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). 14 Army Roadhead. The high use of road transport meant that the British Second Army burned 7,600 tonnes (7,500 long tons) of petrol a day, but pipelines were laid across the Rhine at Emmerich and were in operation by the end of April. A. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. By mid-March POL was arriving at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was coming over the Dumbo pipeline. West Germany: Commander Of British Army Of The Rhine, Sir Harry Tuzo [79], Vehicles crossing the Rhine did so with full fuel tanks and a reserve of filled jerricans. [5], As the potential threat of Soviet invasion across the North German Plain into West Germany increased, BAOR became more responsible for the defence of West Germany than its occupation. Many had seen hard use in the Ardennes, where they had demonstrated their utility, and large numbers were in the REME workshops. Three bridges were constructed there, but by the time they opened II Canadian Corps already had its three Canadian divisions across the Rhine. By this time a thaw had set in, and the ground was now soft and muddy, restricting off-road vehicle movement. The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. Stores still required by the 21st Army Group were moved forward to the new advanced base, and the rest returned to the War Office for disposal. [9], Under the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, it was decided that British military units would cease to be permanent deployed in Germany by the end of 2019. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. The former held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 250 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition, while the latter held 200 rounds per gun of medium and 150 rounds per gun of heavy artillery ammunition. Lorries then took them to the dispersal point at Renaix via Lyon and Dijon, guided by road markers that read "GF". Free shipping for many products! [12] Petrol was brought in tankers and over the Operation Pluto pipeline. British Army of the Rhine - OverDrive Operation Veritable required 35,000 vehicle movements, mainly to move XXX Corps units 80 miles (130km) in nineteen days. Home; About. Media in category "British Army of the Rhine". The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. The base workshops built a prototype trailer that provided more clearance, and the Navy ordered 25 of them. british army of the rhine bases Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. [11] The first phase of this was the transfer of remaining stores to the advanced base. In the forward area, land mines and the few tracks through the Reichswald Forest kept transport on the roads, and the traffic combined with thaws and heavy rains contributed to the rapid deterioration of the roads. By this time the system consisted of 1,811 kilometres (1,125mi) of pipelines and storage tanks with a capacity of 104,770 tonnes (103,120 long tons). Barnett, Correlli. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was formed at the conclusion of World War II from various units of the British 21st Army Group. The Dumbo pipeline was extended from Boulogne to Antwerp in March. [44] The 25-pounders were each provided with an additional 1,471 rounds in addition to the 206 rounds per gun each regiment normally carried. [26][27], Finding the additional service and supply units proved difficult, as the Mediterranean theatre had long been short of them. The British Second Army also had access to the American class 70 timber pile bridge at Venlo and the Canadian First Army class 70 bridge at Grave. british army of the rhine bases. The War Office found that it could provide another two field bakeries from the United Kingdom, along with three field butcheries that were already scheduled to be sent. Country United Kingdom. Following the war the BLA was redesignated to become the British Army of the Rhine in August . British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. This gave them sufficient petrol to advance for 200 and 180 miles (320 and 290km) respectively, although no such rapid advance was contemplated, the supplies being to sustain the divisions in operations when the road network became congested with operational traffic. It closed in 1991 when the refurbished BMH Iserlohn re-opened. Army of Occupation commanders.jpg 800 595; 155 KB. [94] New lines continued to be laid, the last one being laid to Bocholt on 24 May. Three trains a day were run over this route under an arrangement with SHAEF and the American Military Railway Service. Dorsten Ammunition Depot munitions storage facility. British Army of the Rhine: The BAOR, 1945-1993 (Cold War 1945-1991) [81] The XII Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge, a class 12 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. This annotated bibliography presents the best quality scholarship relating to BAOR, from its inception until its replacement under the conditions of the 1994 Options for Change defense review with the twenty-five-thousand strong British Forces Germany. Work commenced at 09:30, and the bridge was opened for traffic at midnight. [68] By the time the amphibious phase of Operation Plunder commenced at 09:00 on 23 March,[69] 61,000 tonnes (60,000 long tons) of ammunition, 18,000 tonnes (18,000 long tons) of POL, 5,100 tonnes (5,000 long tons) of supplies, 30,000 tonnes (30,000 long tons) of engineer stores and 5,500 tonnes (5,400 long tons) of other stores had been dumped at No. To simplify storage and handling, only ammunition for field, medium and heavy artillery was held at the Canadian FMCs, ammunition for all other weapons was stocked at No. Esempio di frase tradotta: The British Army of 19441945 was highly mechanised, which conferred great tactical and strategic manoeuvrability. Please continue & follow him.pic.twitter.com/TU3GKnZFPU", "British Orders of Battle & TO&Es 1980-1989", "From occupiers and protectors to guests", "Osnabrck picks up the pieces after British withdrawal", "All British army bases in Germany to close by 2019 with 20,000 troops returning to UK", "Farewell to the 1st Westfalen Garrison Commander", "A Queen's birthday reception was held in Germany", "British army hands back last headquarters in Germany", "Defence review ends Iraq-sized ventures", In West Germany: Military Networks Spreading Pop, Secret squad sent in to track down IRA killers, BBC News: Army to scale down Germany troops, BBC News: From occupiers and protectors to guests, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Forces_Germany&oldid=1126727293, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 22:46. Covered accommodation was eventually provided for between 300,000 and 400,000 troops. The West German town of Bruggen, 55 miles (88 km) south of Dusseldorf, celebrated its 700th anniversary on Saturday (2 June) by granting the freedom of the city to a British Army unit which has been stationed in the town for 21 years. [2] The Cologne Post was a newspaper published for members of the BAOR during this period. After an advance which was thoroughly resisted, the British formations, along with the Canadians and Americans advanced into the German counties of Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein . Army Bases The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. [51] Rations were moved forward however, and 2,318,222 rations were stockpiled for Operation Veritable. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. British Army of the Rhine | Daly History Blog [43] The ammunition dumping program was completed by 4 February, by which time 14,400 tonnes (14,200 long tons) of ammunition had been dumped at the gun positions, and 23,100 tonnes (22,700 long tons) at the XXX Corps and II Canadian Corps FMCs. 10 Army Roadhead commenced on 13 April, and the first train arrived at No. Deployed on the European Central Front with its NORTHAG sister formations, BAOR was a significant feature of NATOs forward shield of ground forces to deter or, if deterrence failed, to repel a major Warsaw Pact offensive on the Continent. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. Traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano . [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority of the British zone of occupation, northern Germany. Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. Both stocked 200 rounds per gun of field artillery ammunition for the entire XXX Corps. Category : British Army of the Rhine - Wikimedia This reduced the pressure on the road network, and also permitted stone for road works to be supplied by rail. WO1 Served from 1971 - 1993 Served in British Army of the Rhine. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. At the beginning of March 1945, the 21st Army Group had bulk petrol transport capacity of about 2,700 tonnes (2,700 long tons) per day, assuming 80 per cent of the vehicles were running. Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. Both formations had areas of responsibility located around the German section of the River Rhine . Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant officer etc 3.25*2.25 at the best online prices at eBay! Armata Britannica del Reno la traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano. [65], The buildup of stocks for Operation Plunder commenced on 8 March. british army of the rhine bases - khushboocatering.com [3], The 21st Army Group's campaign in North West Europe had commenced with Operation Overlord, the Allied landings in Normandy on D-Day, 6 June 1944. The British Army of the Rhine (BBC) - DocuWiki [80] Although working in the British Second Army area, they remained under the command of the US Ninth Army. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector.