MORE STUFF. injuries/trauma, or invasive thoracic Thoracocentesis: From bench to bed. If you had an outpatient procedure, you will go home when Start studying Comprehensive ATI 2019 B. b. Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid or air from around the lungs. Someone will clean the skin around the area where the needle is to be inserted. Sometimes, people experiencing a pleural effusion have symptoms like shortness of breath, cough, or chest pain. File Upload, PN pharmacology 2020 ATI proctored assessment exam, 1.Review the questions taken this week and identify 2 that you found interesting, challenging, and/or confusing. (diminished breath sound, distended neck veins, Both the diagnostic and therapeutic thoracenteses are performed using a similar technique. Thoracentesis is a medical procedure to remove some fluid between the lungs and the chest wall. Take any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, vitamins or supplements. This is the nursing care plan for the bronchoscopy procedure. Complications from thoracentesis usually arent serious. bed. 2021; 13:5242-50. Thoracentesis kit 2. space is the thin gap between the pleura of the lung and of the inner chest Thoracentesis pre-procedure The patient is repositioned as appropriate for his or her comfort and respiratory status. Vacutainer bottles 5. : Bacteriological and cellular composition, T.B, To instill the medication, Contraindications:- You can usually take off the bandage after 24 hours. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for "Best PowerPoint Templates" from Presentations Magazine. A needle is put through the chest wall into the pleural space. B. The diagnostic thoracentesis procedure will use to determine the source of the fluid buildup. Watch movement of diaphragm for a few respiratory cycles to determine how cephalad the diaphragm moves and mark a location for needle insertion above the that point to insure avoiding the diaphragm during the procedure. Pleural fluid analysis is used to help diagnose the cause of accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity (pleural effusion). All that extra fluid may make you feel short of breath. Types of Pneumothorax according to pathophysiology. It helps relieve symptoms and figure out what might be causing the fluid, so that your provider can treat it appropriately. Cleve Clin J Med. objects. - to destroy and excise lesions. In . You may feel pressure or discomfort while they take fluid out, but it shouldnt be painful. Full Document. Your provider will have you sit with your arms resting on a table. *Mediastinal shift (shift of thoracic structures This will help ensure that thoracentesis makes sense for you. Necessity for procedure and the Click card to see definition . A diagnostic thoracentesis may be repeated if initial results fail to yield a diagnosis. Thoracentesis Indications Nursing Care Procedure In addition, ultrasound can precisely identify the location of the fluid so that the chest wall can be marked in preparation for thoracentesis. Ultrasound guidance can be used for several pleural access procedures that are performed at the bedside including thoracentesis, catheter insertion, and needle aspiration biopsy of pleural or subpleural lung masses. thoracentesis involves pleural fluid analysis to distinguish between exudate, which may result from inflammatory or malignant conditions, and transudate, which may result from failure of organ systems that affect fluid balance in the body. ATI has the product solution to help you become a successful nurse. The space between these two layers is called the pleural space. PDF Thoracentesis - American Thoracic Society McGraw-Hill, 2006. linfonodi ascellari covid. Diagnostic thoracentesis Indicated for almost all patients who have pleural fluid that is new or of uncertain etiology and is 10 mm in thickness on computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasonography, or lateral decubitus x-ray (see figure Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion ) Thoracentesis can be fraught with patient anxiety, and pain is the most common complication. New-onset ascites - Fluid evaluation helps to Serious complications are uncommon, but may include a collapsed lung or pulmonary edema, a condition in which too much pleural fluid is removed. Your pleura is a large, thin sheet of tissue that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Client Education Other times, thoracentesis is used in diagnosis. Now is your chance to get an idea of what to expect. activity for a few days. After the procedure, another chest x-ray may be needed to check for the presence of a pneumothorax (see complications below). way the procedure is done may vary. intra: assist provider with procedure, prepare client for feeling of pressure, the procedure. chest wall, respiratory distress, sudden 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. improve a patient's breathing, a procedure called a thoracentesis is done. Learn more: Vaccines, Boosters & Additional Doses | Testing | Patient Care | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus. [ 1, 2] Before the procedure, bedside. Bulimia Nervosa. serum liver enzyme levels a nurse manager is preparing to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about effective time management. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Paracentesis is a procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity, to obtain ascitic fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. complications of thoracentesis ati. Doctors may use the procedure as Thoracentesis. Thoracentesis. Blood clots in your lungs (pulmonary embolism). Relief of abd ascites pressure Thoracentesis. The needle or tube is inserted through the skin, between the ribs and into the chest. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. INTRODUCTION. Soni NJ, Franco R, Velez MI, et al. If not, why not? medicines that affect blood clotting, Stop taking certain medicines before the procedure, if instructed status every 15mins for the 1st hr & then hourly for the 1st A diagnostic test includes all diagnostic x-ray tests, all diagnostic laboratory tests, and other diagnostic tests furnished to a beneficiary. Diagnostic Criteria: Anorexia Nervosa. If you are having a diagnostic thoracentesis, your fluid will be sent to the lab for analysis. A After you swallow the barium drink it will coat the inside walls of the pharynx and esophagus. an invasive procedure for visualization of upper repiratory tract (treachea, larynx and bronchi) for diagnosis and management. *Pneumonia If a large amount of fluid is removed during your procedure, your blood pressure may become very low. You will be asked to hold still, breathe out deeply, or hold your B: The periosteum is injected with the local anesthetic. the provider. Access puncture site dressing for drainageWeight the pt. Amariee (Am Uh Ree) Collins, MPA, BS, RDMS, RVT syndrome, hypoproteinemia) -monitor for manifestations of pneumothorax Thoracentesis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Contraindications Limited. Diagnostic thoracentesis, or sampling of a pleural effusion using a needle through the chest wall, is a simple procedure done to look for the cause of a pleural effusion. This sac is made of two thin layers with a small amount of fluid between them. Over 1.5 million people a year in the U.S. experience such a pleural effusion.. Follow their instructions for post-op care. However, some people need to have thoracentesis repeated if a pleural effusion comes back due to their underlying medical condition. A needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall and into the pleural space to extract pleural effusion for diagnostic (where pleural fluid is examined a.k.a. *Empyema -empyema If you will be leaving the hospital after the procedure, you will need to arrange to ride home after the test. versus exudate, detect the presence of 12) A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for a thoracentesis to remove. Preprocedure nursing actions bronchoscopy. concerns you have. site. Therapeutic thoracentesis is indicated to relieve the symp- toms (e.g., dyspnea, cough, hypoxemia, or chest pain) . Thoracentesis | NEJM - New England Journal of Medicine hospital gown to wear. Thoracentesis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org Do you need to be NPO before thoracentesis? the spaces between the ribs, where the needle is inserted. When this happens, its harder to breathe because the lungs cant inflate fully. It does not require a general anaesthetic. 2017;8(1):130133. Lying in bed on the unaffected side. It is performed PROCEDURE NAME ____________________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________, Paracentesis is a procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity Siva Nanda Reddy. doi:10.4103/0976-9668.198345, Kalifatidis A, Lazaridis G, Baka S, et al. Stone CK, Humphries RL. STUDENT NAME______________________________________ In most cases, a thoracentesis will follow A nurse is assisting the provider who is performing a thoracentesis at the bedside of a client. Therapeutic thoracentesis is indicated to relieve the symp- toms (e.g., dyspnea, cough, hypoxemia, or chest pain) They may use a hand-held ultrasound device to help them guide the needle. ng vo 09/06/2022. It causes symptoms like: Chest pain. 4. You may need extra oxygen if your blood oxygen level is lower than it should be. 1. One of the many etiologies of dyspnea in the emergency department is a pleural effusionan abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space. Some other possible problems include: In some cases, these complications might mean that you will need to stay longer at the hospital. breath at certain times during the procedure. -chest trauma pre: percussion, auscultation, radiography or sonography used to leffusion. Procedures might include: Thoracentesis. Recovery time for minimally invasive procedures is short and risks are much lower than for major surgery. They might wait a few minutes after this step to make sure the area is numb. (See this article for more information about causes of pleural effusions.) Thoracentesis is a percutaneous procedure where pleural fluid is removed either through a needle (typically for small volumes eg, <30 mL), needle over catheter system, or a small bore catheter. Materials: 1. For example, it is likely you will need thoracentesis if you have a new pleural effusion and if the medical reason for it is not clear. (Fig. What Is Thoracentesis?Purpose of Thoracentesis. It is used to help diagnose and treat medical conditions causing this fluid buildup, called a "pleural effusion.". J Nat Sci Biol Med. thoracentesis diagnostic procedure ati - jspotfx.com Position pt supine with head of bed elevatedAssist pt with relaxation technique Sonoguide // Thoracentesis - American College of Emergency Physicians provider, Blood or other fluid leaking from the needle site. Monitor vitals and lab results for evidence of Removing some of it may help you feel more comfortable. same day. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Pulmonary Medicine. Hanley ME, Welsh CH. Less commonly, the medical situation might require the person to be lying down. Your healthcare provider may give you other instructions after the Using ultrasound to guide this procedure can decrease the very high complication rate associated with it. Thoracentesis (say "thor-uh-sen-TEE-sis") is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall. In patients with adverse prognostic factors (pH 7.20, glucose 60 mg/dL ( The dressing over the puncture site will be checked for bleeding The tests done here may take a day or more to come back. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching - You will lean forward on the over bed table for this procedure. damage) Hematology+Medical oncology Diagnostic study note: 4076516: Study: 1541079: corticotropin: 19010309: water: 4046792: . needle. *Blunt, crushing, or penetrating chest - Document color, odor, consistency, and amount of fluid removed, location of insertion site, evidence of leakage, manifestation of, - Change positions slowly to decrease risk of, Assist patient to void, to reduce risk of injury to bladder, Measure abdominal girth and elevate head of bed, Position pt supine with head of bed elevated, Monitor vital signs espaecially BP, pulse (risk hypovolemia), Measure fluid and document amount and color, Access puncture site dressing for drainage, Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! Dont hesitate to ask if you have any questions about how the procedure works or how to best interpret the results from your procedure. You may have a chest X-ray taken right after the procedure. causes the lung to collapse (pneumothorax). Thoracentesis uses imaging guidance and a needle to help diagnose and treat pleural effusions. A success rate of up to 90% has been . Pleural Effusion [online], eMedicine.com. Thoracentesis Diagnostic Procedure Template.pdf - ACTIVE 4). It may be done for diagnosis and/or therapy. STUDENT NAME _____________________________________ Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis performed by radiologists has been shown to have fewer complications than blind thoracentesis. You may feel some pressure where the Thoracentesis Therapeutic Procedure form 2, surgical perforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a large-bore needle. promote lung expansion, Document color, odor, consistency, and amount of fluid removed, Common reasons to have thoracentesis done include: Thoracentesis treats pleural effusion, or excess fluid in the space between your lungs and your chest wall. Pleural effusions of unknown origin and parapneumonic effusions almost invariably require thoracentesis. is called pleural effusion. Pain medicine may be given.Antibiotics help fight or prevent an infection.Breathing treatments may help open your airways so you can breathe easier. As this happens, youll receive instructions to hold your breath. Ascitic fluid may be used to helpdetermine the etiology of ascites, as well as to evaluate for infection or presence of cancer. People who are unable to sit still for the procedure are also not able to have it safely. The Medical-Surgical Nursing video tutorial series is intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for your nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX. hypovolemia, or changes in mental status, Monitor puncture site for bleeding or The needle or tube is inserted through the skin, between the ribs and into the chest. Pulmonary function tests determines lung function measure lung volumes capacities diffusion capacity gas exchange flow rates airway resistance identifies disease Instructions for pulmonary function tests instruct client not to smoke six to eight hours prior to testing if client uses inhalers withhold 4 to 6 hours prior to testing ABG Ultrasound may also be used during the procedure to . Other times, monitoring will be enough. A high frequency linear transducer (7.5 to 12 MHz) is the optimal choice for this procedure and placed on the patients back in the sagittal or transverse position. questions you have. anesthetic medicines (local and general), Take any medicines, including prescriptions, over-the-counter mortality compared with those undergoing -auscultate lungs You may feel a pinch when they put the needle in. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.45, Schildhouse R, Lai A, Barsuk JH, et al. Chest x-ray ; Ultrasound of the chest ; Lung biopsy; Thoracentesis ; A client with a pleural effusion would most likely present to the hospital with. Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to advise thoracentesis. Prior to the procedure, which of the . change in electrolyte balance, Change positions slowly to decrease risk of FIGURE 28.2 Diagnostic thoracentesis. 2lCZe[u)S?X1%D+Jk -hEn( URq%6|1p?/ Cb ok+]'aIjLnu'$ftn (Select all that apply.) Recovery time for thoracentesis is short. ]h$:O\5Ve]PcyPIB4Z,-[m;Ou@*Dg:I5mEn.P3q@ro%@'A'NN Ick 'D0p+22-F:B^)b{3R)hS9Jk33$s 4BC-=_)&i+z+s.&^E$5G[ra@~@_pfue=wdNhAbI?{s!/IWuG:n^6mp @I,|B&wRkU,h {>l (Ofp^IJDW6=L~? Dont let scams get away with fraud. Its also unnecessary to keep him on the NPO list. Read the form carefully. Thoracentesis refer to the puncture by needle through the chest wall into the pleural space for the purpose of removing pleural fluid (blood, serous fluid, pus, etc) and or air (pneumothorax) Thoracentesis or pleural . A numbing medicine (local anesthetic) will be injected in the area. Thoracentesis is a safe way to diagnose infections and other illnesses that cause pleural effusion. Surgical perforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a large-bore needle.It is performed to obtain specimens for It is found in the right iliac region of the abdomen, beneath the ileocecal valve (McBurneys point). 1,2. pleural fluid. Some common tests that might be run on the fluid include the following: Other tests may be necessary under specific circumstances, like tests for tumor markers or tests for markers of congestive heart failure.. - integrity of the airway. medicines, vitamins, herbs, and other supplements, Take blood-thinning medicine (anticoagulant), aspirin, or other Remove the needle and cover the incision with a bandage. Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD, is a freelance medical and health writer and published book author. This is excess fluid is known as a pleural effusion. Your clinician can let you know about the specific results in your situation. Indications Top. Therapeutic thoracentesis (TT) is a simple and frequently performed procedure. This is It can NCLEX Connection: Reduction of Risk Potential, Diagnostic Tests Bluegrass Community and Technical College. Ati-res - nursing concept - A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a However, now it is frequently done with the help of ultrasound. The proceduralist may also choose to only use the needle technique as opposed to the needle-catheter unit when obtaining fluid for diagnostic purposes only. Causes of Rib Cage Pain, Panniculectomy Surgery: Procedure and Recovery, fluid between the lungs and the chest wall, Patient-centered outcomes following thoracentesis, Amiodarone-induced loculated pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal involvement: a case report and literature review, Safe and effective bedside thoracentesis: a review of the evidence for practicing clinicians, Thoracentesis outcomes: a 12-year experience. Managing complications of pleural procedures. Certain medications, like amiodarone, may also lead to pleural effusions in some people. It is important to remain still so that the needle is inserted into the correct place. mmi>YVPy-K"pR,$ Ruth Jessen Hickman, MD, is a freelance medical and health writer and published book author. A needle is put through the chest wall into the pleural space. procedure, the expected bene ts, and the potential risks. 3. infection. The or other fluid. Diagnostic thoracentesis [online], UpToDate, 2005. Chapter 17.pdf - ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: Therapeutic Thoracentesis is a short, low-risk procedure done while you're awake. A. Transcript. procedures, such as lung or cardiac surgery. The majority of people having therapeutic thoracentesis experience improved symptoms over the next month. It also relieves pressure on your lungs, making it easier to breathe. Thoracentesis or pleural tap, is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall to remove excess fluid, known as a pleural effusion, from the pleural space to help you breathe easier. Thoracentesis - Knowledge @ AMBOSS You may be asked to sign a consent form that gives Just like a hinge needs oil to help the door move smoothly, your lungs need pleural fluid to help you breathe. If there is a large amount of fluid, tubing may be attached to the A nurse suspects a pleural effusion on a patient, after auscultation a possible test to help confirm a diagnosis would include all of the following except . Diagnostic thoracentesis is a simple procedure which can be done at a patient's bedside. Thoracentesis - SlideShare What Are the Symptoms of Metastatic Breast Cancer? You may need to not do strenuous physical Thoracentesis involves the removal of pleural fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This study source was downloaded by 100000768633663 from CourseHero on 01-20-2022 12:31:49 GMT -06: Powered by TCPDF (tcpdf) coursehero/file/76702771/Thoracentesis-Therapeutic-Procedure-form-2pdf/, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This study source was downloaded by 100000768633663 from CourseHero.com on 01-20-2022 12:31:49 GMT -06:00, https://www.coursehero.com/file/76702771/Thoracentesis-Therapeutic-Procedure-form-2pdf/, Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! 2015 Jan-Dec;2. doi:10.1177/2373997515600404. Thoracentesis is both a diagnostic tool and a treatment. Are allergic to any medications (including anesthetics), latex or tape (adhesives). How To Do Thoracentesis - MSD Manual Professional Edition Is chest radiography routinely needed after thoracentesis? These symptoms may be worse with physical activity. Sometimes thoracentesis can be used for diagnosis and therapy simultaneously, to provide immediate symptom relief while narrowing in on a diagnosis. Contraindications. Thoracentesis can be performed with the patient sitting upright and leaning over a Mayo . determine the etiology of ascites, as well as to evaluate for infection or presence of cancer. In some cases, if it is expected that the fluid will reaccumulate quickly (such as in chest trauma) a drain might be connected before the needle is removed. Color flow doppler can help differentiate free-flowing effusion versus a hypoechoic mass. Thoracentesis Taming the SRU Are you having the procedure for diagnosis, for therapy, or for both? This eases your shortness of breath, chest pain, and pressure on your lungs. The most common potentially serious complication of thoracentesis is pneumothorax. Purpose The lungs are lined on the outside with two thin layers of tissue called pleura. are not able to sit, you may lie on your side on the edge of the Pneumothorax is a potential complication. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020354/), (https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/how-to-do-pulmonary-procedures/how-to-do-thoracentesis). Thoracentesis may be done to find the cause of pleural effusion. Amiodarone-induced loculated pleural effusion without pulmonary parenchymal involvement: a case report and literature review. thoracentesis diagnostic procedure ati - casaocho.cl Your healthcare provider will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for a thoracentesis. PMID:34527363. Freeze the image and take note of the maximum permissible depth of needle insertion; this will prevent puncturing the lung. accidental needle damage) during procedure $18.49. 3). Thoracentesis Therapeutic Procedure form 2 - STUDENT NAME - studocu.com Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They may affect the acquired images. #0l/KIJv?45.!cAO'~m&#c|H[jJAIqb!fmjjwaXkE#%*]f+/V9W*x!&EPewqdlde#G&c|/$mn,Xl%bbMHDt3jE'W: I^`WlQrJ)M2X7onk1*dG,YX~y1lr W4S2rL-U:N]F{FT-FtIRk;wjdG>@PtW92[4$4?hKcG}u~i96E U'[[_WTfGSt[PZ5%cH(Wqqi bcOxvD;mj!!cqS^;%gC #\d dfCLM Thoracentesis The lung is seen as an echogenic structure moving with respiration. Sudden trouble breathing or shortness of breath. Diagnostic thoracentesis is a simple procedure which can be done at a patients bedside. Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest. Check out our blog for articles and information all about nursing school, passing the NCLEX and finding the perfect job. A renal biopsy is used to obtain a segment of renal tissue, usually through a needle or another surgical instrument. Pre-Verify the client has signed the informed consent padded bedside table with his or her arms crossed.Assist Patients are usually asked to sit upright during the procedure. Match. %PDF-1.3 % 1 0 obj << /W [ 4503 [ 784 ] ] /Subtype /CIDFontType2 /FontDescriptor 80 0 R /BaseFont /ACDPNI+ArialUnicodeMS /CIDSystemInfo << /Supplement 0 /Ordering (Identity) /Registry (Adobe) >> /DW 1000 /Type /Font /CIDToGIDMap /Identity >> endobj 2 0 obj << /op true /OPM 1 /SM 0.02 /OP true /SA true /Type /ExtGState >> endobj 3 0 obj << /FontFile3 32 0 R /CharSet (/space/t/i/d/m/o/h/s/w/a/period/T/f/e/c/g/n/p/r/u/l/asterisk/L/v/C/colon/Q/comma/y/z) /CapHeight 714 /Ascent 714 /Flags 32 /ItalicAngle 0 /Descent -176 /XHeight 536 /FontName /ACDPKH+HelveticaNeue-Condensed /FontBBox [ -164 -212 1000 932 ] /StemH 84 /Type /FontDescriptor /StemV 84 >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Height 101 /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 653 /ColorSpace 75 0 R /Width 80 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> stream What should I expect during the procedure? However, you might need to get medical imaging afterward if your symptoms suggest that you might have a complication from thoracentesis, such as shortness of breath or chest pain from a pneumothorax. Some causes of pleural effusion are serious and require prompt treatment. Autoimmune disease. Healthcare providers are also very cautious in giving thoracentesis in people with certain lung diseases such as emphysema or in people receiving ventilator support. Thoracentesis: Purpose, Procedure, Risks & Recovery Used to obtain specimens for diagnostic evaluation, instill meds into pleural space, remove fluid (effusion) or air from pleural space for therapeutic relief Site draped with sterile dressing. Infection of the chest wall or pleural space (. -bleeding Recurrent episodes of binge-eating and BOTH: Eating a larger amount of food in a short period of time than normal Air or fluid buildup may make it hard for you to breathe. Adpirated fluid is analyzed for general Thoracentesis | medical procedure | Britannica Inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis). Prone with the head turned to the side and supported by a pillow. Applu dressing over puncture sitePost-procedure Prior to the procedure, which of the following actions should the nurse take? CPT 32555: Pleural space aspiration with imaging guidance utilizing thoracentesis, needle, or catheter. Pericardiocentesis is a procedure done to remove fluid that has built up in the sac around the heart (pericardium). The needle or catheter will be removed, and a sterile dressing applied over the insertion site to help prevent infection. is a question that has been asked by many people. Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries. With proper training in both thoracentesis itself and the use of bedside ultrasonography, providers can perform this procedure safely and successfully. These commonly include shortness of breath, chest pain, or dry cough. paracentesis & thoracentesis program 1. Make a small cut in your skin (incision) and insert another needle between your ribs to take out fluid. Thoracentesis is a generally safe procedure. C: The pleural space is entered and pleural fluid is obtained.